Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
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Nepal · 1960–2025
Population data from World Bank (2025), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Series covers 1960–2025.
Kathmandu is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley. The city is in Kathmandu District. Kathmandu is the main governmental, financial, industrial, and cultural centre of Nepal.
Pokhara is a metropolitan city located in central Nepal, which serves as the capital of Gandaki Province. Named the country's "capital of tourism" it is the second largest city after Kathmandu, with 600,051 inhabitants living in 120,594 households as of 2021 census.
Lalitpur is a metropolitan city and fourth most populous city of Nepal with 299,843 inhabitants living in 77,159 households per the 2021 census. It is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley, a large valley in the high plateaus in central Nepal, at an altitude of 1,350 metres.
Biratnagar is the capital and largest & fastest growing city of the easternmost Koshi Province, Nepal. The city had a population of 244,750 at the 2021 census. It is also the headquarters of the district of Morang.
Bharatpur is a metropolitan city in south central Nepal. It is the third most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu and Pokhara with 369,268 inhabitants in 2021. It is also the second largest metropolitan city in Nepal by area. It is the district headquarter of the Chitwan District.
Birgunj is a metropolitan city in Parsa District in Madhesh Province in southern Nepal. It lies 135 km (84 mi) south of the capital Kathmandu, attached in the north to Raxaul on the border of the Indian state of Bihar. As an entry point to Nepal from Patna, Birgunj is known as the "Gateway of Nepal". It is also called the "Commercial Capital of Nepal".
Dharan is a sub-metropolitan city in Sunsari District of Koshi Province, in eastern Nepal, which was established as a fourth municipality in the Kingdom in 1958. It is the third most populous city in eastern Nepal after Biratnagar and Itahari. The Nepali word "dharan" means a saw pit.
Butwal, officially Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, previously known as Khasyauli, is a sub-metropolitan city and economic hub in Lumbini Province in West Nepal. As of 2021, Butwal has a city population of 195,054.
Hetauda is a sub-metropolitan city in Makwanpur district of Bagmati Province in central Nepal. It is the administrative headquarters of the Makwanpur District and the capital of Bagmati Province as declared by a majority of the Provincial Assembly Members on 12 January 2020. Hetauda is one of the largest cities in Nepal. At the 2015 Nepal census, it had a population of 153,875 people.
Itahari is a sub-metropolitan city in the Sunsari District of Koshi Province in Nepal. Itahari city has grown as an important business hub of eastern Nepal. It is the second most populous city in eastern Nepal after Biratnagar.