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Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Tajikistan to the southeast, Afghanistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest.
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Uzbekistan · 1960–2025
Population data from World Bank (2025), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Series covers 1960–2025.
Tashkent, also known as Toshkent, is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of more than 3.1 million people as of July 1, 2025. It is located in northeastern Uzbekistan. Tashkent's history stretches back centuries as part of the ancient Silk Road, the network of trade routes that connected East and West.
Namangan is a district-level city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Namangan Region. Namangan is located in the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, less than 30 km from the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city is served by Namangan Airport.
Samarkand is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. Samarkand is the capital of the Samarkand Region and a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlements Kimyogarlar, Farhod and Khishrav. With 551,700 inhabitants (2021), it is the third-largest city in Uzbekistan.
Andijan, also spelt Andijon and formerly romanized as Andizhan, is a city in Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Andijan Region. Andijan is a district-level city with an area of 74 km2 (29 sq mi). Andijan is the most densely populated city with density of 10,000 people/km2 and it had 747,800 inhabitants in 2024.
Fergana is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 320 km (200 mi) east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of Andijan, and less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Kyrgyzstan border. The modern city was founded in 1876.
Qarshi is a city in southern Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Qashqadaryo Region. Administratively, Qarshi is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Qashqadaryo. It has a population of 278,300. It is about 520 km south-southwest of Tashkent, and about 335 km north of Uzbekistan's border with Afghanistan.
Nukus is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. The population of Nukus as of 1 January 2022 was 329,100. The Amu Darya river passes west of the city. Administratively, Nukus is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Karatau.
Bukhara is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.
Margilan is a city in eastern Uzbekistan's Fergana Region. As of the 2024 census, its population was 253,500.
Xonobod is a district-level city in Andijan Region, Uzbekistan. It has an area of 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi) and 44,000 inhabitants (2020). It lies to the east of Andijan in the Ferghana Valley, on the right bank of the Kara Darya.