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Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south and west.
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Luxembourg · 1960–2025
Population data from World Bank (2025), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Series covers 1960–2025.
Luxembourg, also known as Luxembourg City, is the capital city of Luxembourg and the country's most populous commune. Standing at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg, the city lies in the center of Western Europe, situated 213 km (132 mi) by road from Brussels and 209 km (130 mi) from Cologne.
Esch-sur-Alzette is a city in Luxembourg and the country's second-most populous commune, with a population of 37,922 inhabitants, as of 2025. It lies in the south-west of the country, on the border with France and in the valley of the Alzette, which flows through the city.
Differdange is a commune with city status in south-western Luxembourg, 27 kilometres (17 mi) west from the country's capital. It lies near the borders with Belgium and France and it is located in the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette. With a population of over 30,000, Differdange is the country's third largest city.
Dudelange is a commune with city status in southern Luxembourg. It is the fourth-most populous commune, with 22,043 inhabitants. Dudelange is situated close to the border with France.
Ettelbruck is a commune with city status in northern Luxembourg, with a population of 9,965 inhabitants.