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The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast.
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Czechia · 1960–2025
Population data from World Bank (2025), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Series covers 1960–2025.
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Located on the Vltava River, the city has a population of about 1.4 million, making it the twelfth-largest city in the European Union. Its metropolitan area is home to approximately 2.3 million people.
Brno is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 404,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the capital, Prague, and one of the 100 largest cities in the European Union. The Brno metropolitan area has approximately 730,000 inhabitants.
Ostrava is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 281,000 inhabitants. It lies near the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rivers: Oder, Opava, Ostravice and Lučina.
Plzeň, also known in English and German as Pilsen, is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic with about 188,000 inhabitants. It is located about 78 kilometres west of Prague, at the confluence of four rivers: Mže, Úhlava, Úslava and Radbuza, together forming the Berounka River.
Liberec is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Olomouc is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 105,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.
České Budějovice is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 97,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše.
Hradec Králové is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 94,000 inhabitants and is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The city is situated in a flat landscape, at the confluence of the Elbe and Orlice rivers.
Pardubice is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 93,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and is located at the confluence of the Elbe and Chrudimka rivers.
Ústí nad Labem is a city in the northwest of the Czech Republic. It has about 90,000 inhabitants and is the capital of the Ústí nad Labem Region. The city is located at the confluence of the Elbe and Bílina rivers. Together with Chomutov, Teplice, Most and Děčín, Ústí nad Labem forms the Ústí nad Labem-Chomutov agglomeration with about 550,000 inhabitants.