Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It has a population of 1.67 million, and is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipality is located in north central Mongolia at an elevation of about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) in a valley on the Tuul River.

Erdenet is the second-largest city in Mongolia and the provincial capital of Orkhon. Located in northern Mongolia, it lies in a valley between the Selenge and Orkhon rivers about 240 km (149 mi) northwest of the national capital Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan. The road length between Ulaanbaatar and Erdenet is about 370 km (230 mi). As of the 2026 census, the city had a population of 112,520.

Darkhan is a craftsman or an honorary privilege in the Mongolian language.

Mandalgovi is the capital of the Dundgovi Province of Mongolia, about 300 km south of Ulaanbaatar on the border of the Gobi Desert. It has 10,506 inhabitants (2005), 10,299 (2007). The city administrative unit's official name is Saintsagaan sum.